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AI models25 September 20266 min read

How AI models build an answer about a person, and why they get it wrong

ChatGPT, Alice (Yandex) and Perplexity don’t know you personally. They assemble an answer from whatever sources are available. Here is where the errors come from and what to do about them.

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Article cover for “How AI models build an answer about a person, and why they get it wrong”

A model’s two sources of knowledge

An AI answer combines what the model “remembered” during training with what it finds in search right now. Search-enabled models such as Perplexity, ChatGPT with search and Alice rely on current search results. What appears when someone searches your name therefore shapes the answer directly.

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Illustration for “A model’s two sources of knowledge”

Three typical errors

  • Mixed identities: the model merges information about you and a namesake, especially when sources lack identifiers unique to you
  • Skew towards the negative: when sources are scarce, a high-profile dispute or article becomes the defining fact
  • Outdated information: a former role or a company you have sold, because there are no newer sources
A model doesn’t invent your reputation. It assembles it from whatever you have left unattended.Estena’s position
We can help with thisReputation in AI answersWhat ChatGPT, Alice, Perplexity and Gemini say about you
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Example or diagram for “Three typical errors”
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Detail for “Three typical errors”: a document, a screen, an interface

Why you can’t simply “ask” a model to correct its answer

Contacting model developers about individual answers rarely works: a model does not keep a “profile card” on a person. The answer can only be changed through the sources it relies on.

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Illustration for “Why you can’t simply “ask” a model to correct its answer”

What to do

  1. Ask the models 10–15 questions about yourself in Russian and English and save the answers
  2. For each statement, trace where it could have come from
  3. Create an official source with a biography, photo and unique identifiers
  4. Add sources that confirm your current role: directories, interviews, profiles
  5. Repeat the check once a month
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Closing illustration for “What to do”: a diagram or checklist

Frequently asked questions

Does schema.org markup affect AI answers?

Indirectly. It helps search engines understand precisely who a page is about, and search-enabled models rely on that data.

How quickly do answers change?

For search-enabled models, within weeks of the search results changing. Answers drawn “from memory” change with model updates.

What to do next

If you recognise your situation, start with an audit: in five business days we will show you what a bank, a partner and an AI model see about you.

Reputation in AI answersWhat ChatGPT, Alice, Perplexity and Gemini say about you
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